青光眼是不可逆的致盲眼病，眼压升高是其重要的危险因素。儿童高眼压目前尚无明确定义值，准确评估儿童眼压并了解其影响因素对于及时发现儿童高眼压及预防儿童青光眼有重要意义。由于测量仪器及原理的不同以及儿童与成人眼部结构的差异，眼压测量的敏感性及可靠性亦会有所不同。许多研究显示，影响儿童眼压的因素较多，主要包括中央角膜厚度、年龄、种族、地区、性别、角膜生物力学等因素，肥胖、血压及麻醉药物的使用也可能影响儿童眼压。儿童眼压与屈光状态之间的可能关系仍存在争议，高度近视及有高度近视发展倾向的儿童应注意监控眼压。临床诊断儿童高眼压症需谨慎，是否进行临床干预需经过规范检测及长期随访。目前，准确评估、测量儿童眼压以确定其高眼压症预警时机仍是研究的焦点问题。本文就儿童眼压及相关影响因素的最新研究进展予以综述。“,”Glaucoma is an irreversible cause of blindness, and elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is an important risk factor for it.There is no clearly defined value of ocular hypertension in children, thus the accurate evaluation of IOP in children and understanding of its influencing factors are of great significance for the timely detection of ocular hypertension in children and the prevention of childhood glaucoma.Different measuring instruments and principles, as well as differences in ocular structures between children and adults, lead to the various sensitivity and reliability of the measurement.Many studies have shown that there are many factors affecting IOP in children, the main influencing factors of which are central corneal thickness, age, race, region, gender, corneal biomechanics, and so on.Obesity, blood pressure, and the use of anesthetics may also have influences on IOP in children.The possible relationship between IOP and refractive state in children is still controversial.For children with high myopia and the tendency to develop high myopia, their IOP should be monitored.Clinical diagnosis of children with ocular hypertension should be cautious, whether to carry out clinical intervention depends on the results of standardized testing and long-term follow-up.At present, accurate assessment and measurement of IOP in children to determine the timing of early warning of ocular hypertension is still the focus of research.Recent progress in IOP and its related influencing factors in children were reviewed in this article.