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可燃冰是一种潜在的新型可替代能源和未来低碳社会的理想能源,但其勘查开发过程却会引致远超传统油气资源开发的地质灾害、温室效应和生态破坏等环境风险。通过扩大解释与拓展适用我国既有的环境保护、矿产资源法律体系,可以规制部分环境风险,但存在专门法律规范的缺失、环境要素保护的路径偏离、矿产资源法律规定环境义务的价值失衡等内生困境。预期实现可燃冰对保障我国能源安全的重要功能,必须在大规模商业开发前有针对性地构建与完善可燃冰开发环境风险规制法律体系,包括针对可燃冰开发环境风险特殊性进行专门立法,以及具体解释与针对适用既有的环境保护法律制度这两种类型,后者包括体系化厘清可燃冰的权属制度、层次化适用环境影响评价制度和针对性适用环境公众参与制度等。
Combustible ice is a potential new energy source for alternative and future low-carbon society, but its exploration and development process will lead to environmental risks such as geological disasters, greenhouse effect and ecological damage, which are far beyond the traditional exploitation of oil and gas resources. By expanding the interpretation and application of the existing legal system of environmental protection and mineral resources in our country, some environmental risks can be regulated, but there is a lack of specialized laws and regulations, the deviation of the protection of environmental elements and the imbalance of the value of environmental obligations stipulated by the law of mineral resources Dilemma. It is expected to realize the important function of combustible ice in ensuring China’s energy security. It is necessary to establish and improve the legal system for environmental regulation of combustible ice development before the large-scale commercial development, including special legislation on the particularity of the environmental risk of combustible ice development and Concretely explain and address the two types of legal systems applicable to existing environmental protection. The latter include systematizing the ownership system of combustible ice, the system of hierarchically applicable environmental impact assessment and the system of targeted public participation in environmental protection.