史书中说到的“十三行”,指的是清代广东洋行,所以人们又常称之为“广东十三洋行”。据说,“十三行”之名沿自明代,意思是十三家商行。不过在清代,广东洋行时有倒歇增设,不一定是十三家,如在乾隆年间,有多至二十六家(二十二年,1757年),也有少至四家的(四十六年,1781年),但一般在十家左右。在“十三行”中,著名的有“同文”、“广利”和“怡和”等,尤其是“同文行”和“怡和行”,实力雄厚,势力广大,先后为“十三行”的首领。“同文行”的创始人叫潘振承,又名潘启,外商称为“潘启官”。潘氏原籍福建漳州,自幼家贫,壮年入粤,曾往吕宋贩卖 The “thirteen lines” in the history books refers to the Guangdong Merchants Bank in the Qing Dynasty, so people often refer to it as “Guangdong’s Thirteenth Bank.” It is said that the name of “thirteen lines” is from the Ming Dynasty, which means thirteen firms. However, during the Qing dynasty, there was an intermittent increase in the number of foreign banks in Guangdong, not necessarily thirteen, for example, as many as twenty-six (twenty-two years, 1757) and four (four Sixteen years, 1781), but generally about ten. Among the “Thirteen Horses”, the famous ones include Tongwen, Kwang Lee and Jardine, especially Tong Wen Xing and Jardine Matheson, Line “leader. Pan Tongcheng, the founder of ”Tong Wen Xing,“ also known as Pan Kai, is called ”Pan Qiguan" by foreign investors. Pan origin Fujian Zhangzhou, childhood poverty, the prime of life into Guangdong, Luzon has been trafficked