“雌”和“雄”是古代汉语里两个常用词,有着极其丰富的文化蕴涵。本文从不同角度,探讨了其在自然层面和社会层面的诸多意蕴。作者认为:“雌”、“雄”反映了古代先民对于自然现象和社会生活的认知、分类、解释和评价,其语义场生动地表达了中国古代这样一种世界观:人类主体与自然万物共存,自然法则与社会准则统一、人间道德与天地节律相应。 “Female” and “male” are two commonly used words in ancient Chinese, which have extremely rich cultural connotations. This article from different angles, discusses its many implications in the natural and social aspects. The author thinks that “female” and “male” reflect ancient people’s cognition, classification, explanation and evaluation of natural phenomena and social life. Their semantic field vividly expresses a kind of worldview in ancient China: human beings The coexistence of the main body and the natural world, the unification of the natural law and the social norms, the human morality and the corresponding rhythms of heaven and earth.