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目的探讨缺氧缺水缺食后大鼠心脏结构、血清或血浆激素和细胞因子改变,为制定灾难深埋人员的救治措施提供参考。方法将80只Wistar大鼠随机分为正常对照组、单纯缺氧组、缺水缺食组(二缺组)和缺氧缺水缺食组(三缺组)。单纯缺氧组和三缺组置于常压低氧舱(10%氧浓度),二缺组和三缺组禁食水,于处理1 d和7 d时采用HE染色和放射免疫检测心脏结构及血液激素(ACTH、皮质醇和醛固酮)和细胞因子(TNF-α、IL-1和IL-6)的变化。结果 (1)缺氧复合缺水缺食后,大鼠心肌纤维排列紊乱、断裂、融解;间质细胞水肿、核染色质浓缩。病变改变在处理1 d时较轻,7 d时明显加重,且此改变重于单纯缺氧和缺水缺食的影响。(2)雄性各处理组血清皮质醇水平在处理1 d或7 d后均高于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),血浆醛固酮水平也有类似变化,提示在缺氧缺水缺食条件下,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴(HPA轴)和肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统(RAAS)可被激活。(3)多数雌雄处理组血清IL-1和IL-6浓度在处理后均低于对照组(P<0.05,P<0.01),提示缺氧或缺水缺食后可能通过HPA轴启动自身防御保护机制,减少炎性细胞因子入血,减轻心脏结构和功能损伤。结论缺氧复合缺水缺食可引起大鼠心脏结构改变,且此改变重于单纯缺氧或缺水缺食的影响;血清激素和细胞因子的异常改变与心脏病理改变有一定的关系。
Objective To investigate the changes of cardiac structure, serum or plasma hormones and cytokines in rats after hypoxia and water deficit, and to provide reference for the development of treatment measures for deep-buried personnel in disaster areas. Methods Eighty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group, simple hypoxia group, water deficit diet group (two deficient group) and hypoxia lacking water deficit group (three deficient group). The hypoxia group and the three deficient group were placed in normoxia hypoxia chamber (10% oxygen concentration). The two deficient groups and the three deficient groups were given fasting water. HE staining and radioimmunoassay And changes in blood hormones (ACTH, cortisol and aldosterone) and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-6). Results (1) After hypoxia combined with water deficit, the myocardial fibers were disordered, ruptured and thawed; interstitial cell edema and nuclear chromatin condensation. Pathological changes in the treatment of 1 d lighter, 7 d significantly increased, and this change is more important than the lack of oxygen and lack of water scarcity. (2) The levels of serum cortisol in all treatment groups were significantly higher than those in the control group (P <0.05, P <0.01) after treatment for 1 d or 7 d, and plasma aldosterone levels also showed similar changes, indicating that in hypoxia and water deficit conditions , The hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA axis) and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) can be activated. (3) The serum concentrations of IL-1 and IL-6 in most male and female treated groups were lower than those in the control group after treatment (P <0.05, P <0.01), suggesting that hypoxia or lack of water might trigger their defense through the HPA axis Protection mechanisms to reduce the influx of inflammatory cytokines, reduce cardiac structural and functional damage. Conclusions Hypoxia combined with lack of water can cause cardiac structural changes in rats, and this change is more important than hypoxia or lack of water. The abnormal changes of serum hormones and cytokines have a certain relationship with cardiac pathological changes.