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目的:了解马鞍山市雨山社区居民在慢性病危险因素与行为的知识和行为现状,为有针对性地开展社区居民的慢性病健康教育提供科学依据。方法:采用分层整群抽样,对12 708名马鞍山市雨山社区18岁以上居民进行问卷调查。结果:居民高血压危险因素知晓率为50.13%,高血压组与非高血压组在认知上没有统计学差异(χ2=2.374,P=0.123),糖尿病危险因素知晓率为21.70%,糖尿病组认知率高于非糖尿病组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=113.992,P<0.001),脑卒中危险因素知晓率为51.95%,脑卒中组与非脑卒组中在认知差异上无统计学意义(χ2=0.280,P=0.866)。在慢性病患者中吸烟率和饮酒率最高的为高血压人群,主动锻炼率在糖尿病和冠心病人群中较高、肥胖率在四种慢性病人群中都较高,健康教育率在高血压人群较高。结论:居民中普遍存在吸烟、过量饮酒、不合理膳食、超重肥胖、缺少体育运动等行为危险因素。社区居民对慢性病危险因素的认知及重视不足,通过向居民进行有针对性的慢性病防治知识的健康教育,提高居民的认知水平,帮助他们建立健康的生活方式。
Objective: To understand the status of knowledge and behavior of risk factors and behaviors of chronic diseases in Yushan Community Residents in Ma’anshan City, and to provide scientific basis for targeted health education of chronic diseases in community residents. Methods: Stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct questionnaire survey on 12 708 residents over the age of 18 in Yushan Community of Ma’anshan City. Results: The awareness rate of risk factors for hypertension in residents was 50.13%. There was no significant difference in hypertension between hypertensive and non-hypertensive groups (χ2 = 2.374, P = 0.123). The awareness rate of risk factors for diabetes was 21.70% The cognitive rate was higher in non-diabetic group than in non-diabetic group (χ2 = 113.992, P <0.001). The awareness rate of risk factors for stroke was 51.95%. There was no statistic difference between stroke group and non-stroke group Significance (χ2 = 0.280, P = 0.866). Among the chronic patients, the smoking and drinking rates were the highest in the hypertensive population. The active exercise rate was higher in people with diabetes and coronary heart disease. The obesity rate was higher among the four chronic diseases and the health education rate was higher in the hypertensive population . Conclusion: There are common behavioral risk factors such as smoking, excessive drinking, unreasonable diet, overweight and obesity, lack of physical exercise in residents. Community residents are not aware of and pay more attention to the risk factors of chronic diseases. By providing residents with targeted health education on chronic disease prevention and control knowledge, they can improve residents’ cognition and help them to establish healthy lifestyles.