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目的:分析单眼盲对认知功能的影响及相关因素。方法:横断面研究。收集2018年1月至2020年6月就诊于首都医科大学附属北京同仁医院北京同仁眼科中心的单眼盲患者（单眼盲发生时年龄<16岁）。利用蒙特利尔认知评估（MoCA）量表测评患者认知功能（包括视空间与执行功能、命名能力、注意力等7个维度）。根据MoCA量表总分将患者分为认知功能正常组和认知功能障碍组。采用Spearman相关分析法对认知功能的影响因素进行单因素分析，采用多元线性回归法进行认知功能障碍的独立危险因素分析。结果:共纳入45例单眼盲患者，其中男性25例，女性20例；测评时年龄（27±10）岁。认知功能障碍发生率为60.0%（27/45），7个纬度异常率从高到低依次为语言（95.6%，43例）、延迟回忆（75.6%，34例）、视空间与执行功能（60.0%，27例）、抽象能力（44.4%，20例）、注意力（35.6%，16例）、命名能力（20.0%，9例）和定向力（0%）。认知功能障碍组MoCA总分以及视空间与执行功能、命名能力、注意力、语言能力、抽象能力和延迟回忆6个纬度分值分别为（21.9±3.3）、（3.2±1.7）、（2.7±0.6）、（5.3±1.0）、（1.1±0.8）、（1.1±0.8）、（2.3±1.3）分，均低于认知功能正常组［（27.4±1.4）、（4.6±0.7）、（2.9±0.2）、（5.8±0.4）、（1.8±0.8）、（1.8±0.5）、（4.4±0.8）分；均n P<0.05］。Spearman相关分析显示视空间与执行功能、注意力、抽象能力得分及MoCA总分与受教育年限呈正相关（相关系数分别为0.355、0.424、0.434、0.370；均n P<0.05）。多元线性回归结果显示，致盲时间与命名能力得分（β=-0.325）有相关性，受教育年限与注意力（β=0.472）、抽象能力（β=0.441）得分及MoCA总分（β=0.390）有相关性（均n P<0.05）。n 结论:单眼盲可能对语言、延迟记忆和视空间与执行功能有影响，致盲时间是相关认知障碍的独立危险因素，而受教育程度高则是重要的独立保护因素。“,”Objective:To investigate the cognitive effects of monocular blindness and related influencing factors.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted. The patients with monocular blindness (the age of onset <16 years) were enrolled from Beijing Tongren Eye Center, Beijing Tongren Hospital between January 2018 and June 2020. The Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) scale was applied to assess seven cognitive domains including visuospatial and executive function, naming, attention, etc. Based on MoCA scores, all the patients were classified into two groups: normal cognitive functions and cognitive impairment. Spearman′s correlation was used to perform the single factor analysis of the influencing factors of cognitive functions. Multivariate linear regression analyses were applied to identify the independent influencing risk factors.Results:A total of 45 patients with monocular blindness were enrolled. There were 25 males and 20 females, with age at testing being (27±10) years.The incidence of cognitive impairment in 45 patients was 60.0% (27/45). The abnormal items ranking from a high to low rate were language (95.6%, 43 cases), delayed recall (75.6%, 34 cases), visuospatial and executive function (60.0%, 27 cases), abstract (44.4%, 20 cases), attention (35.6%, 16 cases), naming (20.0%, 9 cases), and orientation (0%). There were statistically significant differences (all n P<0.05) in total score (21.9±3.3n vs. 27.4±1.4), visuospatial and executive function (3.2±1.7 n vs. 4.6±0.7), naming (2.7±0.6 n vs. 2.9±0.2), attention (5.3±1.0 n vs. 5.8±0.4), language (1.1±0.8 n vs. 1.8±0.8), abstract (1.1±0.8 n vs. 1.8±0.5) and delayed recall (2.3±1.3 n vs. 4.4±0.8) between two groups of patients with and without cognitive impairment. Spearman′s correlation analysis showed visuospatial and executive functions, attention, abstract and MoCA total score were positively correlated with education years (correlation coefficients being 0.355, 0.424, 0.434 and 0.370, respectively; all n P<0.05). Multiple linear regression showed that duration of blindness was correlated with naming (β=-0.325), and years of education correlated with attention (β=0.472), abstract ability (β=0.441) and MoCA total score (β=0.390) (alln P<0.05).n Conclusions:Monocular blindness may affect language, delayed memory and visuospatial executive functions. The duration of blindness is an independent risk factor, and higher education is a protective factor of the cognitive impairment.