本文对北京市海淀区１９５５～１９９４年脊髓灰质炎的流行和防治工作情况进行了分析，１９５５～１９８３年共报告脊髓灰质炎１０４７例，１９８４年后无脊髓灰质炎报告。１９５５～１９６２年发病率在３．１～３５．０／１０万，１９６３～１９７５年发病率０．１～１０．９／１０万，１９７６～１９９３年仅１９８３年报告１例。自６０年代开展脊髓灰质炎疫苗预防接种以来，该病发病率大幅度下降直至零。并对脊髓灰质炎抗体监测、接种率、ＡＦＰ监测进行探讨。提示常规免疫的高接种率，不能阻断野毒株的侵袭，必须采取全市或全国统一的强化服苗，在儿童肠道中形成疫苗株的优势苗群，才能阻断脊髓灰质炎野病毒的循环。 This article analyzed the prevalence and prevention and control of poliomyelitis in Haidian District, Beijing from 1955 to 1994. A total of 1047 cases of poliomyelitis were reported from 1955 to 1983, and no poliomyelitis was reported after 1984. From 1955 to 1962, the morbidity was from 3.1 to 35.0 per 100 000 and the incidence was from 0.1 to 10.9 per 100 000 from 1963 to 1975. Only one case was reported in 1983 from 1976 to 1993. Since the introduction of polio vaccination in the 1960s, the incidence of the disease has plummeted to zero. And polio antibody monitoring, vaccination rate, AFP monitoring were discussed. Prompt Routine immunization of high vaccination rates, can not block the invasion of wild-type strains must be taken to the city or the nation’s uniform to strengthen the Miao Miao, in the intestinal flora of children to form the advantages of vaccine strains Miao group, in order to block polio wild virus cycle .