在中国的56个民族中,俄罗斯族属于一个人口较少的跨境民族,其民族语言为俄语。内蒙古的额尔古纳地区历史上就是俄国人和华俄后裔较为集中的地区。19世纪末20世纪初,俄国在中国东北修建铁路,大批俄国人和华人涌入铁路沿线地区。俄国人在额尔古纳河流域开采金矿招募了大批华工,许多华工娶俄国女人为妻后定居额尔古纳一带。十月革命后,又有不少俄国人越过边境入居中国的额尔古纳。到新中国成立初期,额尔古纳地区有苏(俄)侨民近万人,俄语一度成为该地区通用语言。20世纪50、60年代,大量俄侨回国,留下来的俄侨和华俄后裔的语言使用状况发生了变化,为俄汉双语并用阶段。文化大革命期间,语言使用的政治环境发生了变化,公开场合基本上听不到俄语。此后,随着第二代、第三代华俄后裔的出生和成长,俄罗斯族使用民族语言的人越来越少,趋于濒危状态。 Among the 56 ethnic groups in China, the Russians belong to a cross-border ethnic group with a smaller population and their ethnic languages ​​are Russian. The Ergun region of Inner Mongolia has historically been the region where Russians and Chinese-Russian descendants are concentrated. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Russia built railways in northeastern China and a large number of Russians and Chinese swarmed into areas along the railway. Russians recruit a large number of Chinese laborers in the gold mines in the Erguna basin. Many Chinese laborers settled in Erguna after they married Russian women. After the October Revolution, many Russians crossed the border to settle in China’s Ergun. In the early days of the founding of New China, there were nearly 10,000 Su and Russian aliens in the Ergun region, and the Russian language became a common language in the region at one time. During the 1950s and 1960s, a large number of Russians returned to China, and the language usage of the remaining Russian and Chinese descendants has changed. During the Cultural Revolution, the political environment in which language was used was changed, and Russian was largely unobtainable in public. Since then, with the birth and growth of the second and third generations of Chinese-Russian descendants, fewer and fewer Russian nationalities use ethnic languages ​​and become endangered.