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处于同一次壳层的电子,n、t二个量子数均相同,称为同科电子。由于同科电子的角动量合成要受泡利原理的限制,使同科电子形成的光谱项,要比非同科电子的少。对于非同科电子形成的光谱项很容易由一般的角动量合成规律得出,而对同科电子形成的光谱项的推求,学生不易掌握,成为原子物理教学过程中的一个难点。本文采用列表和图解相结合的方法,特别在推求过程中只需考虑M_L≥0,M_S≥0的状态,使问题得到简化。
In the same shell of the electron, n, t two quantum numbers are the same, known as the same electron. Due to the same electronic angular momentum synthesis to be limited by the Pauli principle, so that the same subjects formed by the spectrum of electronic items, less than the same branch of less. Spectral terms formed by non-homo-electrons can be easily derived from the law of general angular momentum synthesis. However, it is difficult for students to grasp the spectra of the same electron, making it a difficult point in the teaching of atomic physics. In this paper, a combination of list and graphic method, especially in the process of deducing need only consider M_L ≥ 0, M_S ≥ 0 state, so that the problem is simplified.