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在正建造着的市场经济大厦的施工过程中,如果要找一个问题最复杂的部分,说是农业,或许不算太错。 为什么这么说呢?我看理由在于,从范围上说,我国农业可以说是国民经济中最大的部门,部门大问题自然就要多一些;从经济形态上说,自计划农业向市场农业迈进,没有现成先例可循,难度自然也不会很小;从生产经营方式上说,改革以后广大中国农村实行的主要是以家庭为生产经营单位的责任制,从各自独立的家庭生产到全国或区域统一的市场流通之间,还缺乏不少环节,具体协调起来,矛盾自然也不会很少。 但这绝不是说,农村市场经济建设就难得无法可施了。而是说,农村、农业问题的特殊矛盾,要求我们在考虑问题和采取措施时,要更加全面。具体来说,要在市场经济条件下较好地解决农业问题,当前应特别注意和反复强调:要同时用好“两只手”。这就是说,既要用好“看不见的手”,充分发挥市场机制和价值规律的作用,又要用好“看得见的手”,正确行使政府宏观指导和调控职能。而且还须注意协调好这两只手之间的关系。
During the construction of the market-economy building under construction, if we are looking for the most complicated part of the problem, we may say that it is agriculture and may not be too wrong. Why do I say? I think the reason is that, from the scope of speaking, China’s agriculture can be said that the largest sector of the national economy, the department will naturally have more problems; from the economic point of view, from planned agriculture to market agriculture, From the mode of production and operation, after the reform, the vast majority of Chinese rural areas are practiced mainly in the family as the unit of production and operation of the responsibility system, from their own independent family production to the country or region Uniform market circulation, but also the lack of many links, specifically coordinated, natural contradiction will not be rare. But this is by no means to say that the market economy in rural areas is a rare thing to do. In other words, the special contradictions in rural areas and agriculture require us to be more comprehensive in considering issues and taking measures. Specifically, to better solve the agriculture problem under the conditions of a market economy, we should pay special attention and repeatedly emphasize that we should make good use of the “two hands” at the same time. That is to say, it is necessary to make good use of the “invisible hand”, give full play to the role of market mechanism and the law of value, and make good use of the “visible hand” to correctly exercise the government’s macro-guidance and regulatory functions. But also pay attention to coordinate the relationship between the two hands.