后备役部队是美国武装力量的组成部分。近年来,美军经国会批准每年召募约二十五万人入后备役。除部分首次服役的人员外,大部分是新退出现役的官兵或服满第一期后备役后重新报名服后备役的老兵。美国后备役部队有两种编成:一种是按训练程度和调服现役的顺序分为三类,即第一类、第二类、第三类。第一类后备役又区分为编组和非编组两种。前者成建制,紧急动员时首先征召;后者不成建制,紧急动员时个别征召。第二类后备役人数很少,平时无组织,通常在全面动员的第二阶段个别征召,平时一般不参加训练。第三类后备役主要是在部队服役二十年以上的校级军官和高级军士,亦称退休后备队,战时只有当第一、第二类后备役中无合格人员时,才调服现役。 Reserve forces are part of the United States armed forces. In recent years, the U.S. military has approved the parliamentary approval to recruit about 250,000 people each year into reserve. With the exception of some of the officers serving for the first time, most of the officers and men newly retired from active service or veterans who re-enrolled in reserve after serving the first reserve. There are two types of reserve forces in the United States: one is divided into three categories according to the level of training and the order in which active service is transferred to service: the first category, the second category, and the third category. The first type of reserve is also divided into two types of marshalling and non-marshaling. The former into a system, the first emergency call for the mobilization; the latter not a system, the individual mobilization of emergency mobilization. The second type of reserve is very small, usually unorganized, usually in the second phase of full mobilization of individual solicitation, usually do not participate in training. The third type of reserve mainly is a military officer and senior sergeant who has served in the armed forces for more than 20 years and is also known as a retired reserve. In the wartime, active duty officers were transferred to active service only when there were no qualified personnel in the first and second types of reserve forces .