在局麻药中加入少量血管收缩剂已为口腔科广泛采用。这是利用血管收缩剂暂时收缩局部血管的作用,达到延长局麻药作用时问,增强麻醉效果的作用(见图),从而使治疗易于完成。同时也减小了麻药的使用剂量;且由于麻药吸收减慢,减少了麻药全身中毒的危险。此外,加有血管收缩剂的局麻药局部浸润麻醉时可减少手术野出血,除局麻手术外,在颌面部全麻手术(如腭裂修复术)也有使用。使用血管收缩剂须注意以下几个问题:第一,应了解局麻药的性质,如可卡因本身是一种血管收缩剂,卡波卡因(mepivacaine)和丙胺卡因(Prilocaine)具有轻度血管收缩作用,而其他麻药如普鲁卡因、利多卡因则均可产生不同程度的血管扩张作用。因此,不同种类的局麻药中加入血管收缩剂的量 Adding a small amount of vasoconstrictor to local anesthetics has been widely used in dentistry. This is the use of vasoconstrictors temporary contraction of the local blood vessels, to extend the role of local anesthetic time to ask, enhance the effect of anesthesia (see Figure), so that the treatment is easy to complete. At the same time, the dosage of narcotics is also reduced; and because of the slow absorption of narcotics, the risk of general anesthetic poisoning is reduced. In addition, the addition of vasoconstrictor local anesthetic local anesthesia can reduce the surgical field bleeding, in addition to local anesthesia, maxillofacial surgery (such as cleft palate repair surgery) are also used. Attention should be paid to the following issues when using vasoconstrictors: First, the nature of local anesthetics should be understood. For example, cocaine itself is a vasoconstrictor, and mepivacaine and prilocaine have mild vasoconstriction Role, while other anesthetics such as procaine, lidocaine can produce varying degrees of vasodilatation. Therefore, different types of local anesthetic added to the amount of vasoconstrictor