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为探明施用氮肥与减缓小麦花后高温伤害的关系并阐明其生理机制,于2011—2012年和2012—2013年连续两个生长季,选用小麦品种山农16和济麦22,在增温棚中进行花后11～15 d的高温胁迫处理,比较了氮肥全作基肥(T0)、1/2基肥+1/2拔节期追肥(T1)、1/2基肥+1/2孕穗期追肥(T2)3种施氮方案下的产量、产量构成因素、旗叶光合特性及部分酶的活性。在高温胁迫下,T2方案较T0和T1显著增加籽粒千粒重和产量,提高旗叶谷氨酰胺合成酶(GS)活性,增加旗叶气孔导度和光合速率,提高旗叶过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性,促进花前营养器官干物质向籽粒转运,增加开花后积累的干物质对籽粒的贡献率。两个品种结果基本一致。综合两年结果可以看出,T2处理显著优于T0和T1处理,T2处理能显著缓解高温胁迫的伤害,提高籽粒产量。
In order to find out the relationship between the application of nitrogen fertilizer and slowing the post-anthesis flower temperature injury and to clarify its physiological mechanism, wheat varieties Shannong 16 and Jimai 22 were selected for two consecutive growing seasons from 2011 to 2012 and from 2012 to 2013, (T0), 1/2 basal fertilizer + 1/2 jointing stage topdressing (T1), 1/2 basal fertilizer + 2/2 booting stage topdressing (T2) yield, yield components, flag leaf photosynthetic characteristics and partzyme activity under the three nitrogen application scenarios. Under high temperature stress, T2 significantly increased the 1000-grain weight and yield of grain, increased the activity of glutamine synthetase (GS) in flag leaves, increased the stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate of flag leaves, and increased the activities of flag leaf catalase (CAT) And peroxidase (POD) activity, promote the translocation of dry matter to the grain of pre-anthesis vegetative organs and increase the contribution of dry matter to the grain accumulated after flowering. The results of the two varieties are basically the same. Taken together two years results can be seen, T2 treatment was significantly better than the T0 and T1 treatment, T2 treatment can significantly alleviate the heat stress damage and improve grain yield.