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目的了解山东省西北地区水源性高碘地区分布和居民食用盐现状,为调整碘盐供应区域提供决策依据。方法采用横断面调查方法,在每个被调查县(市、区)乡镇按照东、西、南、北、中5个不同方位各抽取5个村庄,每个村庄采集饮用水样2份检测饮水含碘量,采集5户居民家中食用盐样检测盐碘,调查饮水类型及水井深度。结果共调查了3个市的21个县(市、区)的279个乡镇,共采集检测居民饮水样本2852份,水碘中位数为125.40μg/L(0.50～1820.03μg/L);居民户碘盐覆盖率为95.1%;在279个乡镇中有121个是高碘地区(病区),受累人口516.69万。其水碘中位数为235.86μg/L(150.05～1820.03μg/L),碘盐覆盖率96.0%。高碘地区全部处于黄河以北黄河冲积平原,呈片状分布,与河南、河北的高碘地区相连成片。西南部地区的高碘水几乎都是浅层,西北部的高碘水则以深层居多。高碘水的含碘量与水井深度呈正相关。结论鲁西北黄河冲积平原存在既有浅井高碘水又有深井高碘水的独特现象,有121个高碘地区,碘盐覆盖率96.0%。这些地区应停供碘盐,开展健康教育、水碘和碘盐监测工作。
Objective To understand the distribution of water-rich iodine in the northwest of Shandong Province and the current status of household salt consumption, and to provide the basis for decision-making on adjusting the iodized salt supply area. Methods The method of cross-sectional survey was used to collect 5 villages in 5 different orientations of East, West, South, North and Central China in each township of the investigated counties (cities, districts), and each village collected 2 drinking water samples Iodine content, collecting salt samples of 5 households to detect salt and iodine, investigate the type of drinking water and depth of wells. Results A total of 2852 drinking water samples were collected from 279 towns in 21 counties (cities and districts) of 3 cities. The median of water iodine was 125.40μg / L (0.50-1820.03μg / L). Residents Household iodized salt coverage was 95.1%; 121 out of 279 townships were high iodine (ward), involving 5,166,900 people. The water iodine median 235.86μg / L (150.05 ~ 1820.03μg / L), iodized salt coverage of 96.0%. All high-iodine areas are located in the Yellow River alluvial plain north of the Yellow River, flaky distribution, and Henan, Hebei high iodine area connected into pieces. The iodized water in the southwest is almost always shallow and the iodine in the northwest is deep. The iodine content of high iodine water was positively correlated with the depth of well. Conclusion The unique phenomenon of both high-iodine water and deep well high iodine water exists in the alluvial plain of the Yellow River in the northwest of Shandong Province. There are 121 high-iodine areas with iodine salt coverage of 96.0%. In these areas, iodized salt should be stopped for health education, water iodine and iodized salt monitoring.