中枢神经系统感染不常被看作食管扩张术的并发症。英文文献曾报导了8例儿童食道扩张术后脑脓肿或脑膜炎。本文叙述了一例食管扩张术后两次颅内感染的病儿。病例患儿男,27月,因误吞强碱引起严重的食道狭窄,行胃造口术提供营养并做了多次逆行性食管扩张。患儿35月龄时,因发热、烦躁、呕吐1天住院。入院前二次行食管扩张术。血WBC39.6×10~9/L Central nervous system infections are not often seen as a complication of esophageal dilatation. English literature has reported eight cases of children with brain abscess or meningitis after esophageal dilatation. This article describes a case of esophageal dilatation two intracranial infections in children. Male patients, 27 months, due to swallowing alkali induced serious esophageal stricture, gastrostomy to provide nutrition and repeated retrograde esophageal dilatation. 35-month-old children, due to fever, irritability, vomiting 1 day hospitalization. Second line before admission esophageal dilatation. Blood WBC39.6 × 10 ~ 9 / L