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On September 24, 2001, the symposium "Position of Archaeology" organized by the Institute of Archaeology, CASS, was held in the Lecture Hall of the Institute. Nearly 50 Chinese and foreign scholars attended the meeting. They set off animated discussions on the problems of what is archaeology, whether it is an independent discipline or belongs to anthropology or history, and how to promote its combination with other disciplines. More than 20 attendants made speeches and expounded their views from various angles. The present journal publishes the summary of major speeches with the purpose to arouse ponder over those problems in Chinese and foreign academic circles and bring about a distinct advance in Chinese archaeology.