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本文对初创期(1958-1965年)中国电视社教类节目的四种主要形态进行描述性和阐释性的研究,尝试在节目形态与“十七年”时期特定的社会结构之间建立关联,并对这一时期社教类电视节目的社会功能进行考察。研究表明,一方面,中国电视初创期的社教类节目在总体上呈现出“实用”的特征,即要给电视观众的日常生活以切实的指导,使之能够在经济发展水平较低的社会条件下,竭尽所能地提升自身的文化素养和生活品质;另一方面,由于官方对于电视的宣教功能的强调,使得社教类节目的形态超越了电视荧屏,与整个社会的大众教育运动结合起来,是电视在“反映”社会现实的基础上,对社会现实进行“参与”乃至“建构”的一个例证。
This paper makes a descriptive and interpretative study of the four main forms of Chinese television and TV programs in the early stage (1958-1965), attempting to establish the relationship between program forms and specific social structures during the “17 years” period Related, and inspected the social functions of the social education TV programs during this period. The research shows that on the one hand, the TV programs in the initial stage of China’s TV industry show the characteristics of “practicality” in general, that is, they should give practical guidance to the daily life of TV viewers so that they can work at a low level of economic development Under the social conditions, make every effort to improve their cultural qualities and quality of life; the other hand, due to the official emphasis on the television’s missionary function, making the type of social education programs beyond the TV screen, and the general public education The combination of exercise is an example of “participation” and even “construction” of the social reality on the basis of the social reality of “reflection” by television.