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工业设备的外绝热保温,以往常用的材料为草绳、蛭石、石棉、泡沫混凝土、膨胀珍珠岩等。但这些材料一般都具有容重大、强度低、导热系数大等缺点,因而保温层自重较大,破损率较高。目前许多工业设备采用了“三棉”(矿棉、玻璃棉、耐火纤维棉)型保温材料。保温工程实测表明:当管道上采用同样厚度的保温材料时,矿棉毡可比膨胀珍珠岩制品减少热损失50%以上,也就是说,要得到同样的保温效果,采用矿棉毡比用膨胀珍珠岩厚度减少1/2。如果计算单位面积保温层的重量,则矿棉制品只是珍珠岩制品的1/5～1/6。与蛭石制品保温相比,矿棉制品也有同样的优点。对用于工业设备外保温的矿棉制品,以前普遍反映手感性差,施工不便。最近,由南京“三棉”保温材料容重小、导热系数低、耐高温、化学稳定性好、无毒,此外还有良好的吸声性能。从单价看,“三棉”保温材料比较贵,但如果从实际铺盖的面积计算保温投资,则是便宜的。采用”三棉”保温材料可取得较好的技术经济效益(见表)。
External insulation of industrial equipment, the commonly used materials for the past are grass rope, vermiculite, asbestos, foam concrete, expanded perlite and so on. However, these materials generally have the disadvantages of large capacity, low strength, large thermal conductivity, and so on, so the insulation layer has a larger weight and a higher breakage rate. At present, many industrial equipment use the “three cotton” (mineral wool, glass wool, refractory fiber cotton) type of insulation material. Insulation engineering measurements show that when the insulation material with the same thickness is used on the pipeline, the mineral wool felt can reduce the heat loss by more than 50% compared with the expanded perlite product, that is, to obtain the same insulation effect, the mineral wool felt is used for the expansion pearl. Rock thickness decreases by 1/2. If the weight per unit area of the insulation layer is calculated, the mineral wool product is only 1/5 to 1/6 of the perlite product. Compared with the insulation of stone products, mineral wool products have the same advantages. For the mineral wool products used for external insulation of industrial equipment, the hand feel was generally poor beforehand and the construction was inconvenient. Recently, Nanjing Sanmian thermal insulation material has small bulk density, low thermal conductivity, high temperature resistance, good chemical stability, non-toxicity, and good sound absorption performance. From the perspective of unit price, the “three cotton” insulation materials are more expensive, but if the insulation investment is calculated from the actual area covered, it is cheap. The use of “three cotton” insulation materials can achieve better technical and economic benefits (see table).