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远古时代的《尚书》记载了舜分派皋陶为主管刑罚的官员。在陶在同禹的谈话中主张实行德治，要修身、知人、安民，把提高道德修养作为根本，并提出九德作为对官的道德要求。“九德”是：“宽而栗，柔而立，刚而塞，强而义。彰厥有常，吉哉”。译成现代文是：宽厚而威严，柔和而
In ancient times, “Shangshu” recorded Shun assigned Gao Tao as the official in charge of punishment. In his conversation with Tong Yu, Tao advocated the rule of morality and wanted to cultivate oneself, to know others and live up to the people. He regarded improving morality as the fundamental issue and proposed nine moral standards as the moral requirements for officials. “Nine virtues” is: “wide and chestnut, soft and stand, just plug, strong and meaningful. Chang Jue often, Ji Zai.” Translated into modern text is: generous and majestic, gentle and