比较了拥有潜在益生特性的28株乳杆菌(Lactobacillus)和26株双歧杆菌(Bifidobacterium)的生理代谢差异,这些菌株多数来源于波兰。筛选过程当中,首要的指标是检测菌株对低pH值和对胆盐的抗性以及在发酵或非发酵乳制品当中的存活能力。考察了这些候选菌株是否产生某种拮抗物质,同时评价这些物质对来自于食物或肠道内的病原微生物或生产当中不渴望微生物的抑制效果。研究了混合发酵剂中各菌株之间的共生能力,并对它们在生产加工过程中表现出的对诸如冷冻、冻干或储藏等处理的耐受能力进行评价。采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)的方法对菌株利用各种碳源所生成的代谢产物的类型进行了测试。结果表明,所有供试菌株存在很大的生理代谢差异,因而,应选择那些具有科学测定基础的菌株作为益生菌菌株。 Physiological differences in the metabolism of 28 Lactobacillus and 26 Bifidobacterium strains with potential probiotic properties were compared, most of which originated in Poland. The primary indicator of the screening process is the ability of the test strain to test for low pH and resistance to bile salts, and for viability in fermented or non-fermented dairy products. These candidate strains were examined for their ability to produce some antagonistic substance and to evaluate the inhibitory effect of these substances on pathogenic microorganisms in food or in the gut or on undesired microorganisms in production. The symbiotic capabilities of the strains in the mixed starter cultures were studied and their tolerance to treatments such as freezing, lyophilization or storage was evaluated during their production and processing. The types of metabolites produced by various carbon sources were tested by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The results showed that there was a great physiological difference in metabolism between all tested strains. Therefore, strains having the basis of scientific assay should be selected as probiotic strains.