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阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)在临床上表现为上气道及其周围组织的结构发生异常变化,导致睡眠中鼾声与呼吸阵发性暂停反复发生的一种疾病。上气道及其周围组织的结构发生异常变化后,导致机体缺氧,引起睡眠质量下降、同时机体出现血氧饱和度变化、血糖升高及心脑血管等一系列疾病,因此被认为是一种发病率高且具有潜在致死危险的复杂疾病。1976年美国Guilleminault等首次提出睡眠呼吸暂停这一诊断名称。近年来,由于医学领域对OSAS疾病的认识迅速发展,该疾病日益受到重视,口腔医学开始介入对OSAS疾病的治疗,利用口腔矫治器来改变口腔颌面部系统结构与气道上部分之间的解剖结构及其功能关系,采用扩大稳定上气道的方法 ,达到减弱和消除鼾声以及呼吸暂停症状的目的 ,并与呼吸科、内科和耳鼻喉科医生共同诊治患者。本文旨在研究各种口腔矫治器在治疗OSAS中的应用。
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is clinically manifested as an abnormal change in the structure of the upper airway and its surrounding tissues, leading to a recurrent episode of snoring and respiratory depression during sleep. The abnormal changes in the structure of the upper airway and its surrounding tissue lead to hypoxia in the body and cause a drop in the quality of sleep. At the same time, a series of diseases such as changes in blood oxygen saturation, hyperglycemia and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases occur and are therefore considered to be one A complex disease with high morbidity and potentially lethality. In 1976, Guilleminault et al first proposed the diagnosis of sleep apnea. In recent years, due to the rapid development of medical understanding of OSAS, the disease is receiving more and more attention. Stomatology has begun to intervene in the treatment of OSAS. Oral appliances are used to change the anatomy of the oral and maxillofacial system structure and upper airway Structure and functional relationship, the expansion of the stability of the upper airway method to achieve the purpose of weakening and eliminating snoring and apnea symptoms, and with respiratory, internal medicine and otolaryngologists diagnosis and treatment of patients. This article aims to study the application of various oral appliances in the treatment of OSAS.