本文从制度和人口增长的视角出发,对中国历史上的经济增长以及政府行为的含义进行了探讨。无论是自耕农经济还是租佃经济,较低的租税都有助于获得一个较高水平的人口规模和经济总量,但也会带来一个较低水平的人均收入。更为重要的是,在租佃制下,习俗经济中的租税往往不能完全反映土地对产出的贡献,因而会引起“佃农”家庭对落在“公共域”中的土地价值的竞争,最终导致人口过剩。在这种机制下,技术进步、土地垦殖和“仁德”之政的长期后果都首先表现为人口的增长而非人均收入水平的提高。 This article from the perspective of the system and population growth, the history of China’s economic growth and the implications of government conduct were discussed. Whether it is a self-employed economy or a tenancy economy, a lower rent tax will help to achieve a higher level of population and total economy but will also result in a lower level of per capita income. More importantly, under the tenancy system, the taxation of custom economy often can not fully reflect the contribution of land to output, thus causing the “tenant ” family to land value in the “public domain” Competition, eventually leading to overpopulation. Under this mechanism, the long-term consequences of technological progress, land reclamation and the “benevolence” regime are all above all characterized by population growth rather than per capita income growth.