目的鉴定1例曾被错误鉴定为类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌的泰国伯克霍尔德菌。方法对1例肺脓肿合并败血症患者的痰液和血液标本进行细菌分离培养、生化鉴定、分子生物学鉴定和药敏试验鉴定。结果培养出革兰阴性短小杆菌;生化鉴定特征符合泰国伯克霍尔德菌;测序结果显示与泰国伯克霍尔德菌相似度达100%,与类鼻疽伯克霍尔德菌相似度为99%;全基因组测序结果显示该菌与泰国伯克霍尔德菌E444具有最近的亲缘关系。药敏试验结果显示该菌对亚胺培南、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦、头孢他啶、甲氧苄啶/磺胺甲噁唑敏感。结论成功鉴定了1例泰国伯克霍尔德菌。 Objective To identify a Burkholderia cepaciae that has been mistakenly identified as Burkholderia pseudomallei. Methods One sputum and blood specimen from patients with pulmonary abscess and sepsis were isolated and cultured, biochemically identified, molecularly identified and susceptible to drug susceptibility testing. Results Bacillus subtilis was cultured. The biochemical characterization was in accordance with Burkholderia cepacia. The sequencing results showed that the similarity with Burkholderia thaliana was 100%, and the similarity with Burkholderia pseudomallei was 99 %; Genome sequencing showed that the bacteria and Burkholderia cepacia E444 has the closest genetic relationship. Susceptibility test results showed that the bacteria sensitive to imipenem, levofloxacin, piperacillin / tazobactam, ceftazidime, trimethoprim / sulfamethoxazole. Conclusions A case of Burkholderia cepacia was successfully identified.