在近代中国,向西方学习始终是一个重大的时代课题;而在马克思主义广泛传入中国以前,这就是向资本主义文明,包括其物质文明和精神文明的学习。这种学习,是随着中外交往的频繁,西学传入的增多和中国人对外知识的积累,而在外延上不断扩充,内涵上逐渐深入的。在这个扩充、深入的过程中,资本主义的基本政治制度代议制度,日益受到先进中国人的关注,成为研究、议论的一个重点问题。代议制度又叫议会制、议院制或国会制,实行这种制度的国家,不论是民主共和的美、法、瑞士,还是君主立宪的英国、日本,在形式上议会都是全国政治活动的中心,宪法赋予它代表民意、行使立法和制约行政等职权,国家重 In modern China, learning from the West is always a major issue of the times. Before Marxism spread to China, this was learning from capitalist civilization, including its material and spiritual civilization. This kind of learning is gradually deepening with the extension of the connotation with the frequent exchanges between China and foreign countries, the increase of Western learning and the accumulation of Chinese knowledge abroad. In this process of expansion and deepening, the representative system of capitalism’s basic political system has increasingly attracted the attention of the advanced Chinese people and has become a key issue of research and discussion. The representative system is also called the parliamentary system, the parliamentary system or the congressional system. The countries implementing this system, whether it is the United States, France, Switzerland or the constitutional monarchy of the Democratic republic, Britain and Japan, all form the center of the political activities in the country. The constitution Give it the power to represent the public opinion, exercise the power of legislation and control the government, and so on