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目的探讨大气污染物对呼吸道的病理变化,为预防大气污染对人体健康的损害提供理论依据。方法采用模拟大气污染方法,用大鼠制备大气污染物模型,对大鼠气管、肺进行透射电镜及气管扫描电镜检查。结果大气污染大鼠动物模型的气管、肺与对照组相比,实验组气管及肺泡上皮有渐进性损伤,且随量的蓄积损伤逐渐加重,最终发生肺实变。结论吸入的污染粉尘可造成气管及肺泡上皮的渐进性损伤,形态学变化与吸入粉尘的量呈一致性,并随吸入量的累积而逐渐变得严重,最终变为肺实变,残留肺组织为代偿性气肿。
Objective To investigate the pathological changes of air pollutants on the respiratory tract and provide a theoretical basis for preventing the damage of air pollution to human health. Methods The simulated air pollution method was used to prepare air pollutants model in rats. The trachea and lungs of rats were examined by transmission electron microscopy and tracheal scanning electron microscopy. Results Compared with the control group, the trachea and lungs in the air pollution rat model had progressive damage in the trachea and alveolar epithelium, and gradually increased with the accumulation of the amount of air. Conclusions Inhaled polluted dust can cause gradual damage of trachea and alveolar epithelium. Morphological changes are consistent with the amount of inhaled dust, and gradually become serious with the cumulative amount of inhaled dust, and finally become lung consolidation, residual lung tissue For compensatory emphysema.