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黄土落水洞,是低凹地带湿陷性黄土长期遭受机械潜蚀和溶蚀作用的结果,它可分为黄土碟、黄土陷穴和黄土井三类。落水洞广泛分布于黄土高原,年降水量在450mm左右的湿陷性黄土地区陷穴、黄土井十分发育;黄土塬边及高阶地前缘陷穴、黄土井发育程度较好,粱区落水洞沿冲沟或小支沟呈串珠状分布;黄土丘陵地区峁坟上落水洞以陷穴为主,黄土碟次之,峁间宽缓的掌形地冲沟两侧及沟头陷穴和黄土井较为发育。黄土落水洞在滑坡、泥石流发育过程中起着重要作用,它是黄土高原地区地下水补给的重要通道。
Loess cave, which is a result of long-term mechanical erosion and erosion of collapsible loess in the lowland zone, can be divided into three types: loess plate, loess cave and loess well. The water hole is widely distributed in the Loess Plateau, the annual precipitation is about 450mm in collapsible loess area depression, loess well development; loess plateau edge and high-level front margin depression, loess well development, water fall hole Along the gully or small branch ditch bead distribution; loess hilly area grave on the sink hole dominated by loess, followed by loess plateau between the broad palm-shaped gully on both sides and ditch head depression and yellow Doi more developed. The loess drop tunnel plays an important role in the landslide and debris flow development, which is an important channel of groundwater recharge in the Loess Plateau.