以美国心理学家亚当斯提出的公平理论为依据,解释学校管理中涉及到的教师选择参照物以及教师投入、产出等公平问题。分析农村教职工产生不公平感的主要原因包括个人的需求观及价值取向、比较对象以及对学校和管理者的信任度,具体表现为安于现状、自我安慰、消极怠工、发牢骚。探讨公平理论对于农村中小学管理中调动教师工作积极性、建设优秀的农村教师队伍有重要的意义,对此应做到领导重视、科学评估和改变农村教师认知。 Based on the fairness theory put forward by American psychologist Adams, this article explains the fairness issues such as teachers reference and teachers’ input and output involved in school management. The main reasons for analyzing the unfairness among rural faculty members include the individual’s demand view, the value orientation, the comparison objects and their trust in schools and managers. The concrete manifestation is that they are satisfied with the status quo, self-consoling, and negligent work. The discussion of fair theory is of great significance to mobilize teachers ’enthusiasm in rural primary and secondary school management and to build a good rural teacher team. Therefore, leaders should attach importance to scientific assessment and change rural teachers’ cognition.