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一、前言冰坝是河流解冻期常见的一种自然现象。松花江下游依兰～富锦段位于东经129°33′北纬46°20′至东经132°01′北纬47°16′间。纬度高,气温低,冰盖厚度大。河流由西南向东北走向,解冻期间下游晚于上游。依兰境内南岸多高山丘陵,南来暖流受高山阻挡,各河段解冻日期不同。下游位于三江平原区,多弯段浅滩。因此,冰坝出现较频。冰坝出现时,造成河道堵塞,壅高上游水位,使河水出槽,冰排上岸。冰坝溃决时又在下游形成水位较高的凌汛。有些年冰坝壅水造成全年最大洪水,所经之处破坏力极大,如淤
I. INTRODUCTION Ice dam is a common phenomenon in river thawing period. The downstream Yilan-Fujin section of the Songhua River lies between 129 ° 33’E and 46 ° 20’N, longitude 132 ° 01’N and 47 ° 16’N. High latitude, low temperature, ice sheet thickness. The river from southwest to northeast, thaw downstream downstream in the upstream. Yilan south coast of the mountainous hills, south to warm by the high mountain blocking the river thaw different dates. Downstream is located in the Sanjiang Plain area, more bend Shallow. Therefore, the ice dam appears more frequently. Ice dam appears, resulting in river blockage, high water level upstream, so that the river out of trough, ice row ashore. At the time of the ice dam rupture, it formed the flood of higher water level in the downstream. In some years, the most flood caused by ice dam sluice in the whole year caused great destructive power, such as silt