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在甘肃定西大田定位试验的基础上,2012—2013年连续2年比较了全膜覆土穴播(PMS)、覆膜穴播(PM)和露地穴播(CK)春小麦旗叶的SPAD值、叶绿素荧光参数、光合气体交换参数以及叶面积指数(LAI)、产量、耗水量和水分利用效率.结果表明:PMS提高了小麦旗叶SPAD值,扬花后显著高于PM,增加了10.0%~21.5%,较CK增加了3.2%~21.6%.PMS的旗叶最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Φ_(PSⅡ))和光化学猝灭系数高于PM和CK,较PM最高分别提高了6.1%、9.6%和30.9%,并在灌浆期达到显著差异;而PMS的非光化学猝灭系数(q_N)值最低,并在抽穗期与PM达显著差异水平,2012和2013年分别降低了23.8%和15.4%.PMS的气孔导度(g_s)较PM和CK高,在灌浆期与PM达到显著差异,2012和2013年分别提高了17.1%和21.1%;PMS的蒸腾速率(Tr)较PM提高了5.4%~16.7%,光合速率(P_n)增加了11.2%~23.7%,旗叶瞬时水分利用效率(WUE_i)提高了5.6%~7.2%(除2013年抽穗期外),并在2012年扬花期达到显著差异.PMS的LAI高于PM和CK,尤其在季节性干旱的2013年达到显著差异.因此,PMS提高了叶片SPAD值,增强了旗叶对光合能量的同化能力和气体交换强度,使更多的光合能量进入光化学同化方向,降低了热耗散,使P_n增加,提高了旗叶WUEi,基于较高的光合速率和群体LAI,最终提高小麦产量和水分利用效率.
Based on the field experiment in Dingxi, Gansu Province, the SPAD values, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of spring wheat flag leaf (PMS), film mulching (Pm) Photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and leaf area index (LAI), yield, water consumption and water use efficiency were analyzed.The results showed that: PMS increased wheat flag leaf SPAD value, significantly higher than the PM after flowering, an increase of 10.0% to 21.5% Increased by 3.2% -21.6% .The maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v / F_m), the actual photochemical efficiency (Φ_ (PSⅡ)) and the photochemical quenching coefficient of PMS were higher than those of PM and CK, increasing by 6.1% , 9.6% and 30.9%, respectively, and reached a significant difference at the grain filling stage. However, the non-photochemical quenching coefficient (q_N) of PMS was the lowest, significantly different from PM at heading stage, and decreased by 23.8% 15.4% .The stomatal conductance (g_s) of PMS was higher than that of PM and CK, and it was significantly different from PM in grain filling stage and increased by 17.1% and 21.1% respectively in 2012 and 2013. The transpiration rate (Tr) of PMS was higher than that of PM 5.4% ~ 16.7%, P_n increased by 11.2% ~ 23.7%, flag leaf instantaneous water use efficiency (WUE_i) increased by 5.6% ~ 7.2% Heading date) and reached a significant difference at flowering stage in 2012. LAI of PMS was higher than that of PM and CK, especially in seasonal drought in 2013. Therefore, PMS increased leaf SPAD value and enhanced flag leaf pairs The assimilation of photosynthetic energy and the intensity of gas exchange led to more photosynthetic energy entering the direction of photochemical assimilation, reducing the heat dissipation, increasing P_n, increasing flag leaf WUEi, and finally increasing wheat based on higher photosynthetic rate and population LAI Yield and water use efficiency.