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目的了解烟台市市售海鱼感染异尖线虫(Anisakis spp.)幼虫的情况。方法2016年1月至12月,在烟台市各海鲜市场随机采购不同种类的海鱼,解剖鱼体,查找、分离内脏和肌肉中的异尖线虫幼虫,光学显微镜下鉴定虫种,统计分析不同鱼种、不同脏器和不同体质量下异尖线虫幼虫的感染情况。结果共解剖海鱼14种256尾,海鱼异尖线虫幼虫总感染率为66.4%(170/256),平均感染度为14.8条/尾。感染率较高的鱼种有鲐鱼(Pneumatophorus japonicus)、带鱼(Trichiurus lepturus)、辫子鱼(Platycephalus indicus)和黑鲪(Sebastodes fuscescens)等,感染率分别是100%(26/26)、92.3%(24/26)、92.0%(23/25)、85.7%(18/21),平均感染度分别为25.1、21.1、12.2和24.9条/尾;其他鱼种感染率由高到低依次是海鳗(Monopterus albus,80.0%,6.3条/尾)、真燕鳐(Prognichthys agooz,70.0%,3.3条/尾)、小黄鱼(Larimichthys polyactis,66.0%,11.7条/尾)、蓝点马鲛(Scomberomorus niphonius,52.0%,9.1条/尾)、高眼鲽(Cleisthenes herzensteini,50.0%,1.8条/尾)、鲱鱼(Clupea pallasi,44.4%,9.5条/尾)和黑背圆颌针鱼(Tylosurus melanotus,38.1%,2.0条/尾);银鲳(Pampus argenteus)、绿鳍马面鲀(Thamnaconus modestus)、海鲈鱼(Perca fluviatilis)未检出异尖线虫幼虫。异尖线虫幼虫多寄生于海鱼的肠系膜及肠壁、体腔和胃壁。不同鱼种的异尖线虫幼虫感染度与其体质量的相关性不同:体质量为0.25~0.35 kg的鲐鱼、0.16~0.20 kg的带鱼、0.16~0.25 kg的辫子鱼、0.05~0.10 kg的小黄鱼、0.17~0.26 kg的黑鲪、0.81~1.00 kg的蓝点马鲛的感染度较高,分别为46.5、27.2、18.0、12.0、42.7和68.0条/尾。在这6种鱼中,黑鲪和小黄鱼的感染度随体质量的增加而降低(r=-0.484,P<0.05;r=-0.633,P<0.01),蓝点马鲛的感染度随体质量的增加而增高(r=0.740,P<0.01),鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼感染度与体质量无相关关系(r=-0.237、-0.080、-0.196,均P>0.05)。结论烟台市售海鱼中,鲐鱼、带鱼、辫子鱼和黑鲪的异尖线虫幼虫感染率较高(85%以上)。
Objective To understand the case of larvae infected with Anisakis spp. On commercially available marine fish in Yantai City. Methods From January to December of 2016, different types of marine fish were randomly purchased from various seafood markets in Yantai City to dissect the body of fish, to find out the isthmus larvae in the viscera and muscle, to identify the worms under the light microscope and to analyze the different fish Infestation of Anisakis larvae under different organs and different body weights. Results A total of 256 species of marine fish were dissected. The total infection rate of Anisakis larvae was 66.4% (170/256) and the average infection rate was 14.8 / tail. The higher infection rates were Pneumatophorus japonicus, Trichiurus lepturus, Platycephalus indicus and Sebastodes fuscescens, with infection rates of 100% (26/26) and 92.3% (respectively) The average infection rates were 25.1, 21.1, 12.2 and 24.9 / tail, respectively. The infection rates of other species were in the order of moray (Monopterus albus, 80.0%, 6.3 lines / tail), Prognichthys agooz (70.0%, 3.3 lines / tail), Larimichthys polyactis (66.0%, 11.7 lines / tail), Scomberomorus niphonius , 52.0%, 9.1 / tail), Cleisthenes herzensteini (50.0%, 1.8 / tail), herring (Clupea pallasi, 44.4%, 9.5 / tail) and Tylosurus melanotus 38.1%, 2.0 / tail); Anchilles larvae were not detected in Pampus argenteus, Thamnaconceus modestus and Perca fluviatilis. Anisakis larvae parasitize the meso-intestinal and intestinal wall, body cavity and stomach wall. The correlation between the infectivity of Anisakis larvae and the body weight of different species is different: the body weight is 0.25-0.35 kg, the fish is 0.16-0.20 kg, the fish is 0.16-0.25 kg, the fish is 0.05-0.10 kg, 0.17 ~ 0.26 kg of black pomfret, 0.81 ~ 1.00 kg of blue point horse 鲛 higher degree of infection, respectively, 46.5,27.2,18.0,12.0,42.7 and 68.0 / tail. In these 6 kinds of fish, the infection of black mullet and small yellow croaker decreased with the increase of body weight (r = -0.484, P <0.05; r = -0.633, P <0.01) (R = 0.740, P <0.01). No significant correlation was found between the infection rates of anchovy, octopus and pigtail (r = -0.237, -0.080, -0.196, all P> 0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of Anisakis larvae in mullet, hairtail, brackish fish and black fry in Yantai market is higher (over 85%).