一、基本经济规律作用的三个层次 社会经济的发展,要遵循生产关系适应生产力的规律,但是在不同的历史阶段,不同的社会经济条件下,这一基本经济规律又有着不同的作用形式。我们可以根据基本经济规律在整个人类社会经济发展中条件、地位、作用以及作用形式的差异,将其分为三个层次。第一层次是社会生产的分工协作规律,这是最抽象也是最普遍的规律。第二层次是在人类社会经济发展的特定阶段如:自然经济阶段、商品经济阶段或产品经济阶段的某一阶段起中心作用的经济规律,如商品经济阶段的价值规律。第三层次是在社会经济发展的某一特定社会经济形态中起支配作用的经济规律,例如资本主义社会的剩余价值规律;社会主义社会的最大限度地满足人民的物质文化需要的规律。三个层次构成一个总体,体现生产关系适应生产力发展的规律。第一层次的经济规律是第二层次经济规律的基础,第二层次的 I. The Three Levels of Basic Economic Rules The development of social economy should follow the law of production relations to adapt to the productive forces. However, in different historical stages and under different social and economic conditions, the basic economic law has different forms of action. We can divide it into three levels based on the differences in the conditions, status, role and role of the basic economic laws in the economic development of humankind as a whole. The first level is the law of division of labor in social production, which is the most abstract and most common law. The second level is the economic law that plays a central role in a particular stage of human social and economic development, such as the natural economy stage, the commodity economy stage or the product economy stage, such as the value law of the commodity economy stage. The third level is the economic law that dominates in a particular social and economic form of social economic development, such as the law of surplus value in capitalist society; the law of socialism that meets the people’s material and cultural needs to the maximum extent possible. Three levels constitute an overall, reflecting the law of production relations to adapt to the development of productive forces. The first level of economic law is the basis of the second level of economic law, the second level