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目的了解北京市房山区2013年-2014年食源性疾病病原菌的种类和流行趋势,为食源性疾病的早期识别、阻断与溯源提供依据。方法采集房山区两家二级医院肠道门诊腹泻患者粪便拭子,鉴定采用VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪进行8种肠道致病菌检测,并对沙门菌进行血清分型。结果 2013年-2014年共监测样本625份,检出肠道致病菌82株,阳性率为13.1%,2014年阳性率明显高于2013年。82株致病菌中,致泻性大肠埃希菌所占比例最大,占45.1%;其次为沙门菌(28.0%)、副溶血性弧菌(24.4%)、宋内志贺菌(2.4%)。2013年-2014年共检出沙门菌23株,主要流行株为肠炎沙门菌和鼠伤寒沙门菌。结论 2013年-2014年房山区食源性疾病防控的主要目标仍然是沙门菌、副溶血性弧菌和致泻性大肠埃希菌,应加强目标菌监测,开展食品安全教育,引导合理膳食习惯。
Objective To understand the types and epidemic trends of foodborne pathogens in Fangshan District, Beijing from 2013 to 2014, and to provide basis for early identification, interruption and traceability of foodborne diseases. Methods Stool swabs were collected from patients with diarrhea in two outpatient clinics in Fangshang District. Eight strains of enteropathogenic bacteria were detected by VITEK 2 Compact automatic bacterial analyzer. Serotypes of Salmonella were also detected. Results A total of 625 monitoring samples were collected from 2013 to 2014. 82 strains of enteric pathogens were detected, the positive rate was 13.1%. The positive rate in 2014 was significantly higher than that in 2013. Among the 82 pathogenic bacteria, diarrheal Escherichia coli accounted for the largest proportion (45.1%), followed by Salmonella (28.0%), Vibrio parahaemolyticus (24.4%), Shigella sonneri (2.4% ). From 2013 to 2014, 23 strains of Salmonella were detected, the main epidemic strains were Salmonella enteritidis and Salmonella typhimurium. Conclusion The main targets of prevention and control of food-borne diseases in Fangshan District during 2013-2014 are still Salmonella, Vibrio parahaemolyticus and diarrheal Escherichia coli. Monitoring of target bacteria should be strengthened, food safety education should be conducted, and a reasonable diet should be guided habit.