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早在三千多年前中国就已有利用风能的文字记载。一千七百多年前就出现了风车。十世纪后风车遍及中国许多地方。古代风车按主轴的位置分为两种:一种是常见卧式风车;另一种则是本文所说的立轴式大风车。立轴式大风车是中国古代一项杰出的发明,主要应用于我国沿海地区或长江流域一些风力资源较丰富的地区。可用来带动龙骨水车等机具以提取海水制盐或提水灌溉农田。在天津塘沽及江苏苏北一带应用较为广泛。本文除对立轴式大风车进行考证外,还着重介绍了它的结构特点、工作原理及其制作过程。
As early as three thousand years ago, China had already used the written records of wind energy. A windmill appeared more than 1700 years ago. After the tenth century, windmills have spread throughout many parts of China. Ancient windmill according to the location of the spindle is divided into two types: one is a common horizontal windmill; the other is the vertical shaft windmill mentioned in this article. Vertical shaft windmill is an ancient Chinese an outstanding invention, mainly used in China’s coastal areas or the Yangtze River Basin, some of the more abundant wind resources. Can be used to drive keel waterwheel and other equipment to extract salt water or water to irrigate farmland. In Tianjin Tanggu and Jiangsu area is widely used. In addition to the research on vertical axis wind turbines, this paper also focuses on its structural features, working principle and production process.