先天性白血病指生后28天内呈白血病的临床及血液学表现者,是一种少见病。如同时伴Down氏综合征(先天愚型)则尤为少见。1982年周氏曾综合报道了国内14个单位的先天性白血病共28例,其中5例伴Down氏综合征。现就我院35年来仅见的6例报道如下。临床资料患儿起病均较早,除例6于生后22天才出现症状外,余5例均在生后1周内起病。其中除1例分类不明外,余均属急性粒细胞白血病。各例诊断时无明显发热、苍白及浅淋巴结肿大, Congenital leukemia refers to the clinical and hematological manifestations of leukemia within 28 days after birth, is a rare disease. Down Syndrome (Down’s syndrome) is particularly rare. In 1982, Zhou had comprehensively reported 28 cases of congenital leukemia in 14 domestic units, 5 of them with Down’s syndrome. Now my hospital 35 years only saw 6 cases reported below. Clinical data Children with early onset, in addition to case 6 in 22 days after the onset of symptoms, the remaining five cases were within 1 week after onset. In addition to one case of unknown classification, I belong to acute myeloid leukemia. In each case no obvious fever, pale and superficial lymph nodes,