事故分析是核电厂安全分析的重要组成部分,研究核电厂在故障工况下的行为,是核电厂设计过程和许可证申请程序中的重要步骤。因此对事故工况下核反应堆内放射性物质的释放及其危害进行分析是事故分析的必要内容。分析了放射性物质向主回路系统的释放和向安全壳的释放,分析其释放机理、裂变产物特性、迁移规律和安全壳内的去除措施,介绍了国产安全壳过滤排放装置和除气塔两种去除设备。在核电厂事故释放下,分析附近居民可能受到辐射的主要途径及重要核素的健康特性。 Accident analysis is an important part of the safety analysis of nuclear power plants. Studying the behavior of nuclear power plants under faulty conditions is an important step in the design process and permit application procedures of nuclear power plants. Therefore, the analysis of the release of radioactive material and its damage to the nuclear reactor under accident conditions is an essential part of accident analysis. The release of radioactive material to the main circuit system and its release to the containment were analyzed. The release mechanism, the characteristics of fission products, the migration rules and the removal measures in the containment were analyzed. Two kinds of domestic containment filter and discharge units Remove the device. With the release of a nuclear power plant accident, the main ways in which nearby residents may be exposed to radiation and the health characteristics of important nuclides are analyzed.