本文分析贫困地区农户对大病及其影响的认知,考察农户大病发生状况,估算农户大病经济成本。研究发现,农户从治疗方式、费用、患病严重程度、疾病类别和治疗疾病的医院级别等角度认知大病;农户大病经济成本超过8000元/年;贫困农户有更大的大病风险和更高的经济成本。本文建议实施“新农合”门诊补偿,推动大病照料的社会化服务,建立贫困户专项贷款和改革完善现行的贫困医疗救助制度,提高贫困农户抵御大病风险的能力。 This article analyzes the farmers in poor areas on the serious illness and its impact on the cognition, investigate the occurrence of serious illness in rural households, estimate the economic costs of serious illness of farmers. The study found that farmers understand the serious diseases from the aspects of treatment methods, cost, severity of illness, disease types and the hospital level of disease treatment. The economic cost of serious illness of farmers exceeds 8,000 yuan per year. The poor farmers have a greater risk of serious illness and higher The economic cost. This paper suggests that the implementation of “NCMS” outpatient compensation, social services to promote serious care, the establishment of special loans for poor households and the reform and improvement of the existing system of poor medical assistance to improve the poor farmers ability to withstand the risk of serious illness.