多年来,论述美国民族问题的著作都把多元主义景象供奉为一切善良人士皆应珍视的理想,说什么多元主义会使我们不致于对同化产生一种痴傻的信仰。但是,多元主义究竟意味着什么?它与同化哲学对抗的范围究竟有多大?却并不怎么清楚。本文拟初步考察民族关系中多元思想的长期模糊性。这一思想已经发生了重大变化,我相信今天尤其需要重新思考。不论该思想曾经是多么连贯或自成体系,但在20世纪五六十年代的流行与普及过程中,却已经失掉了这种连贯性。传统的自由派依旧庆祝“我们的多元社会”;那些留心多元主义理论 Over the years, all the books dealing with the issue of the nation’s nation have enshrined the image of pluralism as the ideal that all good people should cherish. Saying that pluralism will prevent us from producing a stupid faith in assimilation. However, what exactly does pluralism mean? And what is the scope of its confrontation with assimilation philosophy? It is not clear yet. This article intends to investigate the long-term vagueness of the pluralism in ethnic relations. This thinking has undergone major changes, and I believe it is especially necessary to rethink today. No matter how coherent or self-contained the thought was, the coherence has been lost in the popularization and popularization of the 1950s and 1960s. Traditional liberals still celebrate “our pluralistic society”; those who pay attention to pluralism