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目的评价彝良县地震灾区18月龄~14岁儿童甲型肝炎疫苗(Hepatitis A Vaccine,Hep A)群体性接种情况和流行病学效果。方法采用回顾性描述的方法对彝良县4个灾区乡镇的Hep A接种率、甲肝发病情况进行分析。结果4个乡镇共接种Hep A 50 584名儿童,报告接种率(98.36%)高于调查接种率(86.11%)和快速评估接种率(74.77%)。接种乡镇与对照乡镇比较,甲肝疫情下降趋势明显,发病率从2010年313.03/10万下降至2013年39.35/10万。接种Hep A后无14岁以下甲肝病例报告。接种中仅发生2例轻微疑似预防接种异常反应。结论本次地震灾后Hep A群体性接种经过科学、规范的组织,达到预防甲肝流行的效果,为今后类似灾后免疫规划应对积累了经验。
Objective To evaluate the population vaccination and epidemiological effects of Hepatitis A Vaccine (Hep A) in children aged 18 months to 14 years in the earthquake-stricken area of Yiliang County. Methods A retrospective description of Hep A vaccination rates and incidence of hepatitis A in four towns in Yiliang County was conducted. Results Hep A 50 584 children were vaccinated in 4 townships. The reported vaccination rate (98.36%) was higher than the surveyed vaccination rate (86.11%) and rapid assessment vaccination rate (74.77%). Compared with the control villages and towns, the downward trend of hepatitis A outbreak was obvious, with the incidence dropping from 313.03 / 100 in 2010 to 39.35 / 100 in 2013. There was no case of hepatitis A below 14 years after Hep A vaccination. Inoculation occurred in only 2 cases of slight suspected abnormalities in vaccination. Conclusion Hep A group vaccination after the earthquake through scientific and standardized organizations to prevent the epidemic of hepatitis A effect for future similar post-disaster immunization program to deal with accumulated experience.