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简述了铁磁性多层膜的巨磁电阻效应和自旋阀巨磁电阻效应产生的物理机制。介绍了新型微电子器件自旋晶体管和自旋阀晶体管的工作原理。由于自旋晶体管优良的性能，在计算机和通讯领域有广泛的应用前景。
The giant magnetoresistance effect of ferromagnetic multilayers and the physical mechanism of spin-valve giant magnetoresistance effect are briefly introduced. The working principle of spintronic transistor and spin valve transistor of new microelectronic device is introduced. Due to the excellent performance of spintronics, it has a wide range of applications in computer and communications.