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目的了解粤西大学生心血管病流行特征,为防治青年学生心血管病提供参考依据。方法随机抽取粤西3所高校,整群抽取2013—2015年级全体在校学生共45 160名,使用卫生部统一制定的学生健康检查用表,按照初筛、复查、确诊3段式程序和心血管分类及诊断标准进行心血管病调查。初筛由全科或内科主治及以上医师担任,复查和确诊由三甲医院心内科医师担任。结果 45 160名受检学生中,检出心血管病553例,患病率为1.22%。其中男生为1.55%,女生为1.02%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=24.830,P<0.05)。城乡学生患病率分别为1.05%,1.31%,农村高于城镇,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=5.373,P<0.05)。在心血管病分类统计中,器质性心脏病160例,患病率为0.35%,差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.469,P>0.05)。心律失常192例,患病率为0.43%,男、女生分别为0.31%,0.50%,差异有统计学意义(χ~2=9.503,P<0.05)。高血压201例,患病率为0.45%,男、女生分别为0.93%,0.14%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=151.969,P<0.05)。结论大学生心血管病常见且对健康危害较大,农村是心血管病预防重点。学校医疗保健机构应加强青少年心血管病筛查、健康管理和干预,引导学生养成健康饮食习惯和生活方式。
Objective To understand the epidemiological characteristics of cardiovascular disease among college students in western Guangdong and provide a reference for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in young students. Methods Three universities in western Guangdong were randomly selected. A total of 45 160 students were enrolled in this study from 2013 to 2015. The health check-up tables were established by the Ministry of Health. According to the three-stage procedure of heart screening, reexamination and diagnosis Vascular classification and diagnostic criteria for cardiovascular disease investigation. Screening by general practitioners or physicians and physicians, review and confirmed by the top three cardiology physicians. Results Out of 45 160 students examined, 553 cardiovascular diseases were detected, the prevalence was 1.22%. There were 1.55% boys and 1.02% girls, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 24.830, P <0.05). The prevalence rates of urban and rural students were 1.05% and 1.31% respectively, which were significantly higher in rural areas than in urban areas (χ ~ 2 = 5.373, P <0.05). In the classification of cardiovascular diseases, 160 cases of organic heart disease, the prevalence was 0.35%, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 1.469, P> 0.05). 192 cases of arrhythmia, the prevalence was 0.43%, male and female were 0.31%, 0.50%, the difference was statistically significant (χ ~ 2 = 9.503, P <0.05). There were 201 cases of hypertension, the prevalence rate was 0.45%, male and female were 0.93%, 0.14% respectively, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 151.969, P <0.05). Conclusions Cardiovascular diseases are common in college students and have a great health hazard. The rural areas are the focus of cardiovascular disease prevention. School health care institutions should strengthen adolescent cardiovascular disease screening, health management and intervention, and guide students to develop healthy eating habits and lifestyles.