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一、前言 在五十年代末,美国海军武器实验室的Buehler和Wiley发展了一组具有独特形状记忆效应(亦称为机械记忆)的工程合金,即Ni-Ti形状记忆合金,并命名为Nitinol合金。Nitinol一词是那些接近等原子量NiTi合金的总称。词后的n-o-l是美国海军武器实验室(U.S.Naval Ordnance Laboratory)的代号。因该实验室是此类合金的发明者,故取Nitinol此名。Nitinol合金系中最常用的代表性合金是55-Nitinol合金(下文出现的Nitinol均代表55-Nitinol)。此类合金通常的成分范围为53～57(重量)%Ni,余量为Ti,是Ti Ni金属间化合物。
I. INTRODUCTION In the late 1950s, Buehler and Wiley at the Naval Weapons Laboratory in the United States developed a suite of engineered alloys with unique shape memory effects (also known as mechanical memory), the Ni-Ti shape memory alloy, and named Nitinol alloy. The term Nitinol is a general term for those near-atomic-weight NiTi alloys. After the word n-o-l is the United States Naval Weaponry Laboratory (U.S.Naval Ordnance Laboratory) code-named. Because the laboratory is the inventor of such alloys, so get the name of Nitinol. The most commonly used representative alloy in the Nitinol family of alloys is the 55-Nitinol alloy (all of the Nitinol appearing below represents 55-Nitinol). The usual composition of this type of alloy ranges from 53 to 57 wt% Ni with the balance being Ti, which is a TiNi intermetallic compound.