“问题的提出” 从源自欧洲的实证主义,到根植于北美的实用主义哲学,再到今天可说是已经泛滥于社会科学并有向人文科学漫延的“量化”或“概念操作化”的趋势,它们之间或许没有直接的关联,或许根本就不是同一层次,不是同一话语口径,可对比一下黄仁宇先生所一再提到的传统中国在数目字管理上的无能,我们还是能隐约感受到“基于事实”到底是什么含义:事实在很大程度上可以也应该用数字表达出来;如果说收益最大化具有着太多的非自身因素,那么基于事实的判断却几乎 “Problems are raised” from positivism originating in Europe to pragmatism rooted in North America, to the “quantification” or “conceptualization” of the social sciences that have spread to the humanities today Trend, there may not be a direct correlation between them, and maybe they are not the same level at all. They are not the same discourse. Compared with the incompetence of the traditional digital word management in China as repeatedly mentioned by Mr. Huang Renyu, we can vaguely feel that “based on Fact ”in the end what is the meaning: the fact can to a large extent should also be expressed in figures; if the maximization of income has too many non-self-factors, then based on factual judgment is almost