用６０Ｃｏ射线２００Ｇｙ、２５０Ｇｙ、３００Ｇｙ的剂量对３个小麦品种的风干种子进行辐射处理，从芽长、出苗率、成株率、畸变苗（株）率和植株致矮性等方面研究了Ｍ１代的辐射效应；从早熟性、矮秆及穗型变异等方面研究了Ｍ２代的诱变效果。结果表明，随着辐射剂量的增加，Ｍ１代各供试材料的田间出苗率，成株率及株高均呈下降趋势，而畸变苗（株）率呈上升趋势。３个供试材料对辐射的敏感性有显著差异，其敏感顺序为：荷兰１号＞永良４号＞永良１２号。在Ｍ２代中，３个品种总的突变率分别为荷兰１号（０．６２％）、永良４号（０．５４％）、永良１２号（０．５０％）。各处理中诱发突变频率高低的剂量顺序为２５０Ｇｙ＞３００Ｇｙ＞２００Ｇｙ＞。用６０Ｃｏ射线处理小麦干种子，可以在短期内改变品种的早熟性和穗部性状。 Three wheat cultivars were treated with 200Gy, 250Gy and 300Gy doses of 60Co radiation to treat the air-dried seeds of M1 generation from the aspects of bud length, emergence rate, adult rate, rate of mutant seedling and plant shortness The radiation effect of M2 generation was studied from the aspects of early maturity, short stalk and panicle variation. The results showed that with the increase of radiation dose, the seedling emergence rate, adult plant height and plant height of all the tested materials in M1 generation tended to decrease, but the rate of mutant seedling was on the rise. The sensitivities of the three tested materials to radiation were significantly different. The sensitive order was: Holland 1> Yongliang 4> Yongliang 12. In M2 generation, the total mutation rates of three cultivars were Netherlands 1 (0.62%), Yongliang 4 (0.54%) and Yongliang 12 (0.50%). The order of the doses that induced the mutation frequency in each treatment was 250Gy> 300Gy> 200Gy>. The treatment of dry seeds of wheat with 60Co  ray can change the varieties’ early maturity and ear traits in a short period of time.