我国农业生产是从黄河中下游黄土高原地区旱作物的人工栽培开始的。首先要开垦荒地,芟除杂草来播种作物,随后还要灌溉、施肥、除草、收割等等。所有这些措施都离不开对改变土壤条件的耕作。我国北方农区,雨量不多而且集中在盛夏。历来耕地能否保墒是庄稼成败的关键。依靠多耕来维持耕层土质疏松保水,多耙来造成暄土的表层覆盖减少蒸发,以及多锄来消除杂草争夺水分。其‘精耕细作’的传统经验,成效显著,深入人心。美国中 China’s agricultural production started from the artificial cultivation of dry crops in the Loess Plateau in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. First, wasteland should be reclaimed, weeds should be weeded out to sow crops, followed by irrigation, fertilization, weeding, harvesting and more. All these measures are inseparable from the farming that changes soil conditions. The northern part of China’s agricultural areas, rainfall is small and concentrated in summer. It has always been the key to crop success or failure. Relying on more tillage to maintain tillage loose soil water, more rake to make the surface cover of Xuan soil to reduce evaporation, and more hoe to eliminate weeds for water. Its ’intensive and meticulous’ traditional experience has achieved remarkable results and enjoys popular support. America