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由于人们对小型卫星的兴趣日益浓厚,所以对于廉价姿态测量和控制系统的需求也日益增长。本文介绍卫星国际有限公司(SIL)研制的适用于自旋航天器的这种廉价姿态测量系统。SIL 姿态敏感器系统(SASS)采用扇束式太阳敏感器和地球反照式敏感器,这些敏感器是在已成功地用于 AMPTE 任务的姿态敏感器基础上发展起来的。敏感器与一个能记录太阳和地球触发时刻的处理电路相接。该敏感器系统将用于英国皇家空间研究院(RAE)正在开发的空间技术研究飞行器(STRV-1)上。STRV-1将于1993年初发射到地球静止转移轨道(GTO)。该敏感器和处理电路模块已设计出来,它能抗 GTO 的辐照环境,并且功耗较小。处理电路采用固有增强型耐辐照现场可编程门阵列(FPGA)器件。本文介绍如何利用 SIL 开发的星上计算机软件或地面软件实现姿态重建的。本文结尾展望了SIL 为未来开发的姿态测量和控制系统,其中包括适用于三轴稳定航天器的廉价数字式太阳敏感器。
As people are increasingly interested in small satellites, the demand for cheap attitude measurement and control systems is also growing. This article describes the low-cost attitude measurement system developed by SIL International for a spin spacecraft. The SIL Attitude Sensor System (SASS) employs fan-beam sun sensors and Earth-Albedo sensors based on attitude sensors that have been used successfully in AMPTE missions. The sensor interfaces with a processing circuit that records the sun and the Earth’s triggering moment. The sensor system will be used on the Space Technology Research Aircraft (STRV-1) being developed by the Royal Institute of Space Studies (RAE). The STRV-1 will be launched to the Earth’s Geostationary Orbiter (GTO) in early 1993. The sensor and processing circuit module has been designed, it is resistant to GTO irradiation environment, and consume less power. The processing circuitry uses an inherently enhanced radiation resistant Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) device. This article describes how to use SIL to develop on-board computer software or ground software for gesture reconstruction. At the end of this article, we look forward to SIL’s attitude measurement and control system for the future, including inexpensive digital sun sensors for three-axis stabilized spacecraft.