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关于汉语否定词的讨论,许多学者都已有过研究及建樹。以往学者们的讨论总体来说是建立在传世文献的基础之上的。在这篇文章里,我们想试着从另一个角度探讨这一问题:即利用一些出土文献和传世文献里的某些否定词进行对比,试图找到其演变的轨迹。出土文献反映出北方似乎比南方保守一些,当中山文字里祇有“亡”表达“无”时,南方已经开始用“无”。从晚一点的帛书看,简体“无”曾经与繁体“无”并行发展、替代了古老的“亡”;但後来繁体“无”在传世文献里占了绝对优势。有的学者认为,“无”和“亡”的区别是句法层面上的,有的学者则认为,它们的区别是构词法上的,即两个词的韵尾之分是汉语形态上的一种区别。本文试图证明,“无”和“亡”的区别是一种词汇兴替,而不是句法或构词法上的区别。
With regard to the discussion of Chinese negatives, many scholars have already done research and foundations. The discussion of scholars in the past generally based on the literature handed down based on. In this article, we want to try to explore the issue from another perspective: the use of some unearthed literature and some negative words in the handed down comparison, trying to find the trajectory of its evolution. Unearthed documents reflect that the north seems to be more conservative than the south. When there is only “death” expression in the Chinese language, the south has begun to use “no”. From a little later silk book, the simplified version of “无” has been developed in parallel with the traditional “无”, replacing the ancient “death”; but later, traditional “nothingness” accounted for absolutely in the handed down literature Advantage. Some scholars think that the difference between “no ” and “death ” is on the syntactic level. Some scholars think that the difference between them is the word formation law, that is, the ending of the two words is in the form of Chinese A difference. This article attempts to prove that the difference between “none ” and “death ” is a vocabularies rather than syntactic or morphological difference.