出生缺陷是指婴儿在出生时就已经存在的缺陷,包括形态和细胞、分子的异常,即先天畸形或生理机能障碍,是围生儿死亡的主要原因之一。据调查,10%的出生缺陷由环境因素引起,包括接触放射、大气污染、药物、微生物感染等,20%由遗传所致,包括基因、染色体病等,其余70%病因不明[1]。我国是出生缺陷的高发国家,目前每年以2%的比例增加[2]。为预防及减少出生缺陷的发生,提高人 Birth defects are the defects that infants already have at birth, including the morphology and abnormalities of cells and molecules, ie, congenital malformations or physiological dysfunctions. It is one of the major causes of perinatal death. According to the survey, 10% of birth defects caused by environmental factors, including exposure to radiation, air pollution, drugs, microbial infections, 20% of genetic causes, including genes, chromosome diseases, the remaining 70% of the etiology [1]. My country is a high incidence of birth defects and is now increasing at a rate of 2% annually [2]. To prevent and reduce the occurrence of birth defects, improve people