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According to some previous research， there are many factors that affects a teacher’s effectiveness. Among them， the teacher’s preparation/knowledge of teaching and learning， experience and combined set of qualifications are three most critical factors （Darling-Hammond， 2006）. Those research results also reveal the importance of teacher preparedness which can assist them to develop the knowledge and skills necessary in the classroom and produce higher student achievement. Though from my personal experience， I have to say experience is equivalently valuable for teaching effectiveness. There is a Chinese proverb which says； it takes ten years to grow trees but a hundred years to rear people. I realized teaching is not only delivering knowledge but also influencing people and knowing yourself. The following will be the analysis of my teaching philosophy from three different aspects including the pedagogy and teaching methods.
Pedagogical principles
Teaching is more than just a profession， but a commitment and dedication. As I reflect upon my short academic career， I realized that my past education experience has considerably influenced my pedagogical principles. Sincerely speaking， I was so lucky to receive top qualified education and professional training in my undergraduate study. Each teacher set an exceptional example for me during my undergraduate education. Although it has been ten years， the undergraduate education I received still benefits me a lot in diverse ways. Their attitude of teaching and their devotion to students and research were of significant inspiration. They developed strong knowledge and set high academic standards for both students and themselves. It established a trusted environment within and outside the classroom and encouraged students to acquire and build their ideas. They created a culture that everyone in the classroom respected each other for students coming from different culture， with different backgrounds or even having controversial ideas. This education experience gradually shaped my pedagogical principles.
First of all， the fundamental goal of teaching is to motivate students and develop their potential abilities rather than knowledge transfer. There is a Chinese saying， “Gives the human by the fish to be inferior gives the human by the fishing”. It is recommended that learning students can help themselves understand their motivation of learning （Wallace， 2002）. Motivation is more related to teacher’s personality and his/her ability to establish a positive relationship with students by creating a feeling of respect， support， and warmth. Different from other disciplines， tourism and hospitality program include compulsory placement or internship to help the student gain hands-on experience （Tse， 2010）. Students always feel frustrated when they started to work on the front line of hospitality industry because they found the knowledge they learned from classwork may not be applicable to the practical work. Motivation becomes the key driving factor of learning in the classroom as well as outside the classroom. I usually enclose my WeChat number to students and adapt some ice-break activities in the first class to let students learn from my personal experience as a trainee. Most of students give positive feedback and starting from there， we establish a connection. Secondly， it is the teacher’s responsibility to keep a neutral position in the class for the political issue or general social issues. It is important for the teacher to act as a moderator instead of an activist. This can motivate student’s participation in the class and enhances their critical thinking capability. Remaining neutral is essential to establish a positive learning environment in the class which can in turn improve communication channel. I always make myself available through different channels， for example WeChat， Email or cell phone.
Apart from motivation and creating a positive learning environment， setting specific standards is also important. A very detailed and clearly stated scheme of work will be provided at the beginning of the class. Teachers will explain the course objective， requirements， assignments， assessment criteria as well as the result of the particular standard. Sometimes， it is better to set a little bit higher standard for the students so that they can develop their potential. Along with setting specific standards， giving feedback in either a formal or informal channel is crucial as well. Feedback can help students to understand their quality of performance and find out the areas where they can make further improvement. It is also a way to strengthen the communication between teachers and students. An effective feedback can motivate the students and increase their confidence.
For the course， drawing attentions from generation Y students is vital to maintaining the quality of teaching. Wang （2010） conducted in-depth interviews with faculty members/students and found that the service features of tourism education require teachers to have a strong service consciousness. The study highlights the need for hospitality and tourism education to incorporate insights from student’s perspective as student is the primary consumer of education. In the whole teaching process， teachers and students are partners. Different teaching methods can be adopted accordingly. For instance， demonstration， small group discussion， role-playing and directing questions. Among others， activities and feedbacks can increase the interaction. We can also incorporate some high technology with the lecture material to attract their attentions.
Teaching methods
Research indicated that group work can assist the students to develop a wider breadth of knowledge through discussion， clarification of ideas， and evaluation of others’ ideas （Hassanien， 2006）. Cooperative learning can help students support and reply to each other to achieve a set objective. For example， when I was teaching International Meeting Management， four students were required to form a group as a conference consultant team who were responsible for developing a bidding document for Xiamen International Fashion Forum. Formulating a bidding document is quite complicated， but group work can break the tremendous task into small parts and steps. Students can learn how to plan and manage the time according to their schedule. Students have to interact with others to achieve the ultimate goal. Sometimes an extra explanation is required when there is some conflict or misunderstanding. This is the best way to develop a better communication skills and cooperation skills within a group. Learning process is more important than the final result. Experiential learning is the process of learning through experience. Students can continuously involve in the learning process rather than complete assignments （Tse， 2016）. For example， I used a special event in our school called Taiwan Week as a platform and coached students to determine the program， invite VIPs and sponsors， and handle onsite and offsite logistics as well as to manage the budget. A group of forty students was classified into four broad groups according to their interests and abilities including Project Manager， Food and Beverage team， and Operation team as well as Marketing team. The position of project manager and team leader was open to competition. Based on this project management structure， a detailed job description of each team and each position was created in the lecture guided by basic knowledge of banquet management and event management.
Personally， I would involve myself in the experience learning with students. Learning occurs most effectively when teachers and students work together for a common product or goal. Using organizing special event as an example， I was acting not only as a teacher but also a team member， a supporter， and consultant. Joining the experience learning can maximize the teaching and learning. Participating in a real event may encounter different kinds of problems throughout the event. Each problem is an excellent opportunity for teaching and learning. It is learning in action where the teacher can observe different characteristics of students and evaluate their performance. The teacher can adjust their teaching and coaching methods accordingly during the experience learning. However， experience learning requires detailed preparation and guidance for the task including instructional activities， timeline， and classroom setting. Teachers should think in advance how to group students such as friendship， mixed ability， language proficiency or interests， among others. Clear instructions and briefing about how to work in groups and move from one activity to another are also important. Moreover， encouraging students to make their judgments rather than following instructions is also critical for experience learning. Furthermore， it is better to have industry experience if you are going to use experience learning as the teaching method.
References：
[1]Darling-Hammond L.（2006）.Powerful Teacher Education：Lessons from Exemplary Programs.San Francisco：John Wisley and Sons，Inc.21.
[2]Hassanien Ahmed.（2006）.Student Experience of Group Work and Group Assessment in Higher Education.Journal of Teaching in Travel
Pedagogical principles
Teaching is more than just a profession， but a commitment and dedication. As I reflect upon my short academic career， I realized that my past education experience has considerably influenced my pedagogical principles. Sincerely speaking， I was so lucky to receive top qualified education and professional training in my undergraduate study. Each teacher set an exceptional example for me during my undergraduate education. Although it has been ten years， the undergraduate education I received still benefits me a lot in diverse ways. Their attitude of teaching and their devotion to students and research were of significant inspiration. They developed strong knowledge and set high academic standards for both students and themselves. It established a trusted environment within and outside the classroom and encouraged students to acquire and build their ideas. They created a culture that everyone in the classroom respected each other for students coming from different culture， with different backgrounds or even having controversial ideas. This education experience gradually shaped my pedagogical principles.
First of all， the fundamental goal of teaching is to motivate students and develop their potential abilities rather than knowledge transfer. There is a Chinese saying， “Gives the human by the fish to be inferior gives the human by the fishing”. It is recommended that learning students can help themselves understand their motivation of learning （Wallace， 2002）. Motivation is more related to teacher’s personality and his/her ability to establish a positive relationship with students by creating a feeling of respect， support， and warmth. Different from other disciplines， tourism and hospitality program include compulsory placement or internship to help the student gain hands-on experience （Tse， 2010）. Students always feel frustrated when they started to work on the front line of hospitality industry because they found the knowledge they learned from classwork may not be applicable to the practical work. Motivation becomes the key driving factor of learning in the classroom as well as outside the classroom. I usually enclose my WeChat number to students and adapt some ice-break activities in the first class to let students learn from my personal experience as a trainee. Most of students give positive feedback and starting from there， we establish a connection. Secondly， it is the teacher’s responsibility to keep a neutral position in the class for the political issue or general social issues. It is important for the teacher to act as a moderator instead of an activist. This can motivate student’s participation in the class and enhances their critical thinking capability. Remaining neutral is essential to establish a positive learning environment in the class which can in turn improve communication channel. I always make myself available through different channels， for example WeChat， Email or cell phone.
Apart from motivation and creating a positive learning environment， setting specific standards is also important. A very detailed and clearly stated scheme of work will be provided at the beginning of the class. Teachers will explain the course objective， requirements， assignments， assessment criteria as well as the result of the particular standard. Sometimes， it is better to set a little bit higher standard for the students so that they can develop their potential. Along with setting specific standards， giving feedback in either a formal or informal channel is crucial as well. Feedback can help students to understand their quality of performance and find out the areas where they can make further improvement. It is also a way to strengthen the communication between teachers and students. An effective feedback can motivate the students and increase their confidence.
For the course， drawing attentions from generation Y students is vital to maintaining the quality of teaching. Wang （2010） conducted in-depth interviews with faculty members/students and found that the service features of tourism education require teachers to have a strong service consciousness. The study highlights the need for hospitality and tourism education to incorporate insights from student’s perspective as student is the primary consumer of education. In the whole teaching process， teachers and students are partners. Different teaching methods can be adopted accordingly. For instance， demonstration， small group discussion， role-playing and directing questions. Among others， activities and feedbacks can increase the interaction. We can also incorporate some high technology with the lecture material to attract their attentions.
Teaching methods
Research indicated that group work can assist the students to develop a wider breadth of knowledge through discussion， clarification of ideas， and evaluation of others’ ideas （Hassanien， 2006）. Cooperative learning can help students support and reply to each other to achieve a set objective. For example， when I was teaching International Meeting Management， four students were required to form a group as a conference consultant team who were responsible for developing a bidding document for Xiamen International Fashion Forum. Formulating a bidding document is quite complicated， but group work can break the tremendous task into small parts and steps. Students can learn how to plan and manage the time according to their schedule. Students have to interact with others to achieve the ultimate goal. Sometimes an extra explanation is required when there is some conflict or misunderstanding. This is the best way to develop a better communication skills and cooperation skills within a group. Learning process is more important than the final result. Experiential learning is the process of learning through experience. Students can continuously involve in the learning process rather than complete assignments （Tse， 2016）. For example， I used a special event in our school called Taiwan Week as a platform and coached students to determine the program， invite VIPs and sponsors， and handle onsite and offsite logistics as well as to manage the budget. A group of forty students was classified into four broad groups according to their interests and abilities including Project Manager， Food and Beverage team， and Operation team as well as Marketing team. The position of project manager and team leader was open to competition. Based on this project management structure， a detailed job description of each team and each position was created in the lecture guided by basic knowledge of banquet management and event management.
Personally， I would involve myself in the experience learning with students. Learning occurs most effectively when teachers and students work together for a common product or goal. Using organizing special event as an example， I was acting not only as a teacher but also a team member， a supporter， and consultant. Joining the experience learning can maximize the teaching and learning. Participating in a real event may encounter different kinds of problems throughout the event. Each problem is an excellent opportunity for teaching and learning. It is learning in action where the teacher can observe different characteristics of students and evaluate their performance. The teacher can adjust their teaching and coaching methods accordingly during the experience learning. However， experience learning requires detailed preparation and guidance for the task including instructional activities， timeline， and classroom setting. Teachers should think in advance how to group students such as friendship， mixed ability， language proficiency or interests， among others. Clear instructions and briefing about how to work in groups and move from one activity to another are also important. Moreover， encouraging students to make their judgments rather than following instructions is also critical for experience learning. Furthermore， it is better to have industry experience if you are going to use experience learning as the teaching method.
References：
[1]Darling-Hammond L.（2006）.Powerful Teacher Education：Lessons from Exemplary Programs.San Francisco：John Wisley and Sons，Inc.21.
[2]Hassanien Ahmed.（2006）.Student Experience of Group Work and Group Assessment in Higher Education.Journal of Teaching in Travel