水文地质学中将露天矿划分为三类：（1）在潜水面以上开采的矿山：（2）在强渗透性岩层中而延伸到潜水面以下开采的矿山；（3）在弱渗透性、不透水岩层中而延伸到潜水面以下开采的矿山。在潜水面以上开采的矿山一般不会遇到较大的地下水渗流问题，往往在必要时在坑内构筑排水沟 In hydrogeology, the open-cast mines are divided into three categories: (1) mines mined above the surface of the submerged surface: (2) mines that extend into deep-permeability formations below the surface of the submerged surface; (3) Impermeable rock formations extend to mines mined below the surface of the dive. Mines drilled above the surface of the submerged surface generally do not experience major groundwater seepage problems, often creating drains in the pit where necessary